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Oncology
Oncology

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Summary

MM is characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells, monoclonal protein in the blood or urine, and associated organ dysfunction1,2

  • Predominantly affects older adults, with a higher prevalence in Black patients and males3
  • A clonally heterogenous disease that contributes to treatment resistance and relapse4

IMWG criteria are used to diagnose MM5

  • Treatment is indicated in patients with myeloma defining events (presence of CRAB or SLiM features)5

The R-ISS staging system is a risk-stratification algorithm that allows the identification of three prognostic groups with different outcomes6

MRD is an emerging parameter for measure of depth of response and as a prognostic marker7

Treatment of MM continues to evolve with CD38-based quadruplet regimens emerging as a preferred treatment option for TE NDMM and select TIE patients8

CAR-T and bispecific T-cell engagers have emerged as effective therapies in RRMM8

With the therapeutic improvement observed in the past few years, achievement of an operational cure is increasingly becoming a realistic goal9


CAR-T, chimeric antigen receptor T cell; CD38, cluster of differentiation 38; CRAB, hyperCalcemia, Renal impairment, Anemia, Bone lesions; IMWG, International Myeloma Working Group; MM, multiple myeloma; MRD, minimal residual disease; NDMM, newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma; R-ISS, Revised International Staging System; RRMM, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma; SLiM, ≥Sixty-percent (60%) clonal BM plasma cells, Light chain ratio, MRI; TE, transplant eligible; TIE, transplant ineligible.

1. Kumar SK, et al. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17046 2. American Cancer Society. What is multiple myeloma? Accessed March 26, 2025. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/about/what-is-multiple-myeloma.html. 3. SEER Cancer stat facts: Myeloma. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD. Accessed March 26, 2025. http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html 4. Manier S, et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2017;14(2):100-113. 5. Rajkumar SV. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(5):548-567. 6. Palumbo A, et al. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(26):2863-2869. 7. Mailankody S, et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015;12(5):286-295. 8. Referenced with permission from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) for Multiple Myeloma v.5.2026. © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2026. All rights reserved. Accessed March 9, 2026. To view the most recent and complete version of the guideline, go online to NCCN.org. NCCN makes no warranties of any kind whatsoever regarding their content, use or application and disclaims any responsibility for their application or use in any way. 8. Mohty M, et al. Blood. 2021;138(16):1406-1411.


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