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Plasma cell leukemia
Characteristics of PCL
- Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive form of myeloma associated with poor outcomes1
- IMWG defines primary PCL as the presence of ≥ 5% circulating plasma cells in patients with MM and recommends that these patients be considered high-risk and not be excluded from clinical trials2
- Accurate identification of circulating plasma cells in peripheral blood smears is crucial for the diagnosis of PCL2
Characteristics of PCL1,2
- Significant para-proteinemia
- Peripheral blood plasmacytosis
- Extramedullary disease
- Hypercalcemia
- Other complications such as renal failure and profound cytopenias
- Elevated frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities: del(17p), hyperdiploidy, and t(11:14)
- Reduced BM reserve
- Elevated LDH
BM, bone marrow; IMWG, International Myeloma Working Group; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MM, multiple myeloma.
1. Gowin K, et al. Leuk Res. 2021;111:106687. 2. Fernández de Larrea C, et al. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11(12):192.
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