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Cytogenic abnormalities
Genomic abnormalities in development of MM
Initiation events
Primary IgH translocations t(11;14), t(6;14), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20)
OR
Hyperdiploidy Trisomy of 3, 5, 7, 9, (11), 15, 19, and 21
Secondary events
Secondary cytogenetic events
- Copy number aberrations; 1q21+, del(1p), del(13q), del(17p), etc
- Secondary translocation, MYC, etc
Continuous occurrence of various gene mutations
N/K-RAS, BRAF, FAM46C, TP53, RBI, TRAF3, etc
- Primary cytogenetic changes can happen as early as in MGUS
MM, multiple myeloma; SMM, smoldering multiple myeloma; WT, wild-type.
Hanamura I. Cancers. 2021;13(2):256.
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